Between 2016 and 2017, the loss of forests in Indonesia fell by 60%, partly because of the moratorium, analysts say. Luhut`s comments were probably spontaneous, without looking at previous research or taking into account the cost of the threat. Fortunately, after the U.S. exited the agreement, many researchers studied the cost of exiting the agreement and the benefits of a continuation. Dechen Tsering, Asia-Pacific director of the Bangkok-based United Nations Environment Programme, called on Indonesia to stick to the Paris climate agreement and said the agreement would be compromised if he left. For its part, the EU denies that it is participating in a campaign to deny the reputation of palm oil in order to bribe its own vegetable oil producers. Unfortunately, so far, little progress has been made in Indonesia in reducing land emissions. Despite the creation in 2016 of a peat restoration agency, followed by the extension of a moratorium on partial forest removal, satellite monitoring shows that palm oil and paper plantations – the main culprits for deforestation and fires – continue to grow, with at least 10,000 square miles of primary forest and Torfland since 2011 , according to a civil society coalition. Tropical forests and peat areas – wetland ecosystems that contain peat, a spongy organic matter that consists of partially decayed plants – store huge amounts of carbon dioxide. According to a Nature Communications document published in June, one hectare of rainforest turned into a palm oil plantation in Indonesia results in 174 tonnes of carbon lost. Rains and decreases could increase the risk of flooding or drought. Indonesia`s megacities are particularly vulnerable to flooding that can cause devastating landslides.

A glimmer of hope: the Indonesian government is finally ready to accept payments under the emissions reduction programme resulting from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). REDD provides direct payments for the conservation of intact forests and Norway has already pledged $1 billion specifically for the protection of Indonesia`s forests. El Nio: Every five years, a change in wind results in a shift to warmer temperatures than normal sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, known as El Nio. Along with its cooler counterpart, La Nia, it is known as El Nio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and is responsible for most of the temperature and precipitation variations we see from year to year. Indonesia is the world`s fourth largest emitter of greenhouse gases, mainly due to deforestation and forest fires. Most of these activities are carried out to free up land for plantations and logging concessions. On November 4, 2019, the United States informed the custodian of its withdrawal from the agreement, which will take effect exactly one year after that date. [30] Already in 2015, an extremely dry rainy season, linked to a strong El Nino event, caused massive fires throughout the archipelago, particularly on the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan.

They emitted more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere than the UK in a whole year. Indonesia has pledged to reduce its emissions by 29-41% by 2030 compared to “business as usual” – but the next end of that commitment depends on “support for international cooperation.” The language of the agreement was negotiated by representatives of 197 parties at the 21st UNFCCC Conference of the Parties in Paris and agreed on 12 December 2015. [2] [3] The agreement was signed at UN Headquarters in New York from 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017 by states and regional economic integration organisations parties to the UNFCCC (convention). [4] The agreement stated that it would only enter into force if 55 countries that produce at least 55% of global greenhouse gas emissions (according to a list drawn up in 2015)[5] ratify, accept, approve or adhere to the agreement. [6] On April 1, 2016, the United States and China, which together account for nearly 40% of global emissions, issued a joint statement confirmed